Vascular Dementia
Next to Alzhemier’s disease, the second most common type of dementia is vascular dementia. It occurs when there is damage to the brain that causes reduced blood flow such as a stroke. However, other causes such as damaged or narrowed blood vessels that reduce the flow of blood to the brain; and risk factors such as smoking, obesity, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes and atherosclerosis. A history of heart attack or stroke also puts a person at higher risk for vascular dementia.
Experts say vascular dementia accounts for 20 percent of dementia cases and the risk for the condition increases with age. Like symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, it often affects memory, reasoning, and other thought processes with effects ranging from mild to severe. Available treatments may help slow or in some cases, prevent the progression of the condition.
While diagnosing vascular dementia is straightforward when it occurs after a stroke; it can be less obvious in many as the condition may come on slowly. Moreover, there is no test for vascular dementia and is typically diagnosed after ruling out other medical conditions and causes.
Tests a healthcare provider might do to determine the condition include neurocognitive tests to examine a person’s cognitive abilities like memory, judgement, and planning skills. Blood tests to check blood sugar levels and cholesterol may be done as well as checking for vitamin deficiencies, anemia and thyroid disorders. Imaging tests like MRIs are used to get detailed images of the brain and look for change that may have occurred from a stroke or blood vessel problems. CT scans can show visible changes in the brain or blood vessels and an ultrasound may be done to check the carotid arteries, which are the main arteries leading to the brain.
While there is currently no cure to reverse the damage to the brain, once a person is diagnosed with vascular dementia; their healthcare provider will lay out a plan to help prevent further damage. This includes managing the condition and controlling other risk factors. Treatment includes medications to control cardiovascular diseases and help prevent strokes, medication to help with memory problems, and adopting a healthier lifestyle.
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